Abstract

Since its establishment, PICES has provided leadership in developing a better understanding of the structure, function and changes of North Pacific marine ecosystems. The integrative scientific programs of PICES, and other special activities such as periodic Ecosystem Status Reports, have advanced our knowledge of coupled physical -biogeochemical-ecological processes of the North Pacific. The current scientific program on Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine Ecosystems (FUTURE) is focusing on developing a better understanding of the combined consequences of climate change and anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems, ecosystem services and marine dependent social systems.