Abstract

Trace elements, including the PGE (platinum group elements), REE (rare earth elements), and others like Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge and Te, are often referred to as technology critical elements or TCEs. The rate of their production and utilisation has particularly increased through their use in high-tech applications. The possible environmental and (eco)toxicological implications of this trend is the object of the EU COST action NOTICE.