Thanks to the unique scattering cross sections of neutrons, the neutron scattering technique has played an important role in materials research. In the recent years, with the advent of the new generation of neutron sources around the world, it is possible to conduct elastic and inelastic scattering experiments with extremely high accuracy, which, in principle, allows us to examine far more detailed predictions from theories and modeling than ever and to discover new physics. This symposium will focus on the forefront of advanced materials characterizations using cutting-edge neutron scattering experimental tools.