In a new study led by the University of Otago, researchers have developed a new technique to gain insights into penguins' prey. The yellow lines show the measurements taken in pixels that they converted to real-world measurements to estimate prey size.

Scientists from the University of Otago – Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka are hoping their new research technique will help unlock underwater secrets of marine wildlife.
Miniature cameras or sensors are often attached to animals, such as penguins and seals, to allow scientists to observe their daily activities, such as their predator-prey interactions and decision-making.
However, questions remain about specific details of their feeding behaviour, such as prey selection and foraging strategies.
In a study just published in the journal PeerJ, researchers analysed footage from animal-borne cameras on Humboldt, King and Tawaki/Fiordland penguins.
They used image-measuring software to convert the pixels to actual measurements and were able to estimate the energy content of the penguins’ prey.
Owen Dabkowski
Lead author Owen Dabkowski, a Masters' student in the Department of Marine Science, says this is a major step forward for marine biology.
“The new technique will provide a unique perspective for analysing diet composition and foraging behaviour, revealing previously unseen interactions that occur underwater.”
“Our work will explain why animals target certain prey over others or how much energy they gain in a single feeding period compared to how much energy they expend,” he says.
“The new technique will provide a unique perspective for analysing diet composition and foraging behaviour, revealing previously unseen interactions that occur underwater.”
Researchers worked in collaboration with the Tawaki Project – a long-term study of the marine ecology, breeding biology and population dynamics of New Zealand’s crested penguins – to develop the new technique.
This content is taken from University of Otago

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"Revealing underwater secrets with new technique", MachPrinciple, September 02, 2025, https://machprinciple.com/post/Revealing-underwater-secrets-with-new-technique